Henry Kissinger

. All this is especially convenient for Kissinger, who controls the official agen- cies of the Intelligence Community as well as the State Department. Kissinger's secret practices have included wiretapping his closest aides to insure their personal !cyatty. and overthrowing "irresponsible" governments, even if they happen to be cemocratically elected. Kissinger resents having to answer for his actions to anyone, except-possibly--the president. This, then. raises the fundamental question of r oral-and probably legal-responsibility on the part of presidents of the United States and their National Security Advisers (this is the post that Kissinger holds along with that In McCarthy's case, the CIA was especial- W. Secretary of State) forthe resultant deaths ly interested in the private sources that fed of men in foreign lands. him the information to c n t i witch- Typic~Igplniwgd oir. E l e,2~}tli/616/08 :CIA T7eO9JeV QPd t ~ -Mke the these actions, although t:izc:i ,ger needs ii for the S25 billion a year it gives his intelli- Bence network- But even this huge amount cf money (about'S percon; ,f our overall. national budget) is a. ull;- hidden under innocent-sounding line itcrr.t. fn the federal budget. It is another of Henry Kissinger'; many secrets. The $25 biilicn figure may s=ound excessively high-most published estimates have set it at around $10 billion -but in calculating the real total one must take into account the huge sums spent 4c.-ouch military appropriations for the In- telligence Community's ever-growing technological requirements. Billions are s:e^ton satellite reconnaissance. (A recent examp;e of the Intelligence Community's expenditures is the nearly $600 million spent. with Kissinger's specific approval, on but:ding and operating a deep-sea salvage ship designed to recover secretly a Soviet submarine that sank in the Pacific in 1968.) After the publication of disclosures last December that the CIA had been heavily involved in domestic spying activities, Presi- tent Ford named a "blue-ribbon" panel i:eaded by Vice President Nelson Rockefel- er (until recently a presidential adviser on eign intelligence) to investigate. just what the agency had been doing at home. Under a broader mandate, covering overseas intel- ;iyerce operations as well, special Senate and House committees undertook parallel- .- -depth investigations of theirown. Senator F.-=_'^k Church of Idaho, chairman of the Sen- a:& s Select Committee on intellic nce AC- summed it all up in these words: "My o is-riding concern is the.growth of Big government in this country, and the c-c.-ct threat that this represents to the -eecom of the people." And later, when 1tii:,c circulated of possible CIA involve- Tyr--_ assassination plots. Church added, "in absence of war, no agency of the a- rent can have a license to murder: _'esldent can't be a 'Godfather. " ' -ere have been many disclosures in re- .,_ . '-oaths about spying by the CIA and FBI on American citizens suspected- grotesque reasons-of ties c' 'r:c;vements with Soviet, Cuban, North K:-_=_r:. and many other intelligence ser- vices. There have been endless well.-docu- mented stories of wiretaps. illegal break- ins, and the tens of thousands of political files kept, Gestapo-like, on American citi- zens by the CIA, the FBI, and the Army Coun- terintelligence Corps. The CIA has admitted keeping dossiers on New York's Democratic Congresswoman Bella Abzug and three other members of Congress. It refused to name these other congressmen, but Penthouse has learned that they are Wisconsin's Senator Joseph McCarthy and Oklahoma's Robert Kerr- both now deceased-and Senator Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota. According to authoritative sources, in the early 1950s the CIA engineered the burglarizing of McCarthy's and Kerr's offices to gain ac- cess to their files. The files were photo-. graphed or, the spot and, presumably, are Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP77-00432R000100360001-7 dea of Joe McCarthy knowing something at the CIA's chiefs didn't know. Senator Kerr was in his time one of the ost powerful and influential politicians in he U.S. The CIA was hungry for secret po- itical knowledge. Furtheimore. Kerr; a mil- ienaire, was highly active in worldwide oil .perations, particularly in the Middle East if intelligence was as crucial to the CIA enty, years ago as it is today. The CIA reportedly began its dossier on enator Humphrey just before he became ce president in 1965. Penthouse sources ~vere unable to say either why the CIA kept a ile on Humphrey or what it contained, ex- ept that the agency evidently wanted to ve as much confidential material as pos- ible-on the man who held our second-high st elective office. The disclosure that the CIA, which is le- ally only supposed to operate overseas, as been spying on Americans and their lected representatives is obviously dis-- uieting. However, the public testimony of IA Director William E. Colby before Con- ress raises more questions than it answers; nd it serves to cast doubt on all his denials f illegal CIA activity. - Let's look at the record: On January 15. 975, Colby denied'that the CIA engaged in embers of Congress. On February 20 he estified that "over the past eight years, our ounterintelligence program-holdings have ress." On March 5, Mrs. Abzug made pub- c conte.its of her CIA file, which went back the 1950s-thus contradicting Colby's laim that such surveillance went back only ight years. Moreover, on March 5, Colby stified that Mrs. Abzug was one of four group :vas infiltrated by government agents; embers of Congress on whom files were it is aiso possible that the CIA's own opera- ept as part of the agency's operations tion in Portugal was similarly infiltrated. The gainst Vietnam war protesters. He also presumed reason for this CIA activity was aid that one of the other congressmen was Kissir,ger's fear that the U.S. might lose its o longer alive. air-naval bases in the Azores if left-leaning Innumerable questions are raised by this Portuguesemilitary rulers remained in pow- stimony. Three of the more obvious are: Sr. (The Azores, of course. are considered ow many members of Congress have been - vital for refueling U.S. aircraft flying to Israel pied upon by the CIA since it was estab- shad in 1947? Colby testified that tiles ere kept on four members of Congress overthe past eightyears." But atleastthree I the congressmen we know of (McCarthy, err, and Abzug) have or had files, going ack to' the 1950s. Secondly. are the four eople we know of Vietnam war protesters? nd thirdly, Colby said that one of the con- ressmen was dead-but we know of two ho are deceased. The questions can go on nd on. Ron Ziegler clearly has to take a ackseat to Colby as the master of the "in- erved as president of the Malagasy Repub- ic for for only six days, was killed on February 11 by members of the Mobile Police Group, a special police unit; in a crisis that--ever, from the CIA's viewpoint had gotten out of hand. Ratsimandrava had replaced General Gabriel Ramanantsoa as a result of a coup carried out by the special police. However, Ratsimandrava was apparently unaccept- able to the Mobile Police Group, which is known to have CIA ties. American interest in Malagasy lay chiefly in the securing of mili- tary facilities at the former French naval base at Diego-Suarez to fit into the broader scheme of new U.S. bases in the Indian Ocean; most importantly at the entrance to the oil-rich Persian Gulf. This was the sec- ond known U.S.. attempt to obtain base rights from a reluctant Malagasy govern- ment. In January 1972 the American ambas- sador to Malagasy, Anthony D. Marshall, a career CIA officer elevated to ambassador by Nixon in 1969, was asked to leave amidst charges that he vias directing a plot against the government However, the government fell anyway four months later. Marshall. whose CIA cover was never blown publicly. is now ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago, a strategic Caribbean nation. - ? In both 1974 and 1975 the CIA was also deeply engaged in covert operations in Por- tugal, where the world's oldest dictatorship had just been thrown out of po.ver. There are easons to believe that the CIA was in close touch with the military group of General ~ntonio de Spinola. who led an abortive coup against the provisional government on March 11. The actual extent of direct CIA involvement is still unclear, but it is known that the coup failed because the oletters' in the- event of a new Arab-Israeli war.) Al- though there are experts who disagree with Kissinger on the absolute need to retain bases in the Azores, the administration felt so strongly about the Portugal operation that it gave the CIA the go-ahead to establish a worxing relationship with General Spinola. ? Notwithstanding an earlier window- dressing reduction in personnel, the Intelli- gence Community has continued to expand its g!obal operations, with emphasis on technological intelligence both at home and abroad. This accounts for its total yearly perative" statement. . budget of some S25 billion. This money in- Since Watergate, Americans have eludes immensely expensive research and earned of the Nixon plan for a massive do- development of science-fiction intelligence nestic intelligence apparatus-the nearest equipment. The funds are buried in the hing we've ever had in the U.S. to a blue- Pentagon:s budget. For example, the Air he above testimony.by Colby, the Intelfi- for `,c-:d,ide satellite reconnaissance. ence Community has not reformed since ? Despite public disclosures, the Intel- ore of what Penthouse has learned of the ^ e:r Secret tiles on Americans although not a s been proved to be a foreign intelli- 'Community's" more-recent activities: one. c Despite the outcry over its intervention ;ence agent. (Ironically, the CIA announced 1; i h " t as stopped destroying files '~ that C n Chile, the CIA was involved early in 1975 P'' i i f gat ons o the Intelligence n an attempt to overthrow the government of 1 - ?nvest he Malagasy Republic (the Indian Ocean Ccr^.m iity are in progress.) These master make an American police state a real possi bility-should a new Nixon come along, or even i` one doesn't. The Intelligence Corn- r.unity. originally intended as an instrument for gathering foreign intelligence, has gown into such an immense and powerful burea.:cracy that, in effect. it vi rtual ly const*- :.;tes a federal police force-something we have a rays rejected as anathema. And. of course. we still have "national security" ,.vire:azs. ? The National Security Agency, the Pen-- :ago--inked electronic intelligenceorgani- za::c- :'at covers the world with its 125,00 a^r'c c ees and a S11 billion annual budget. S" Sc ec:ively monitors and transcribes :ay uncounted thousands of interna- :ic^a echone calls between the U.S. and. _~-2. ccir.ts. Considering that over sixty overseas calls-both incoming and c.:::_ -2-will have been made this year. - :i;jde of this eavesdropping opera- :rcr .; staggering. It violates. needless to sa; : e :vil rights of Americans using ir. :e--a: ra_I telephone communications for o? business matters (what spy in his r:cni: -.C would use an open phone line to discuss espionage or sabotage?). The NSA falls back on the lame excuse that this prac- tice is part of foreign intelligence protection for the U.S. It goes without saying that all international calls by foreign diplomats are monitored for intelligence-collection pur- poses. Transcripts of all monitored overseas calls-and, in many cases of intercepted radiograms and telegrams-are given to the CIA and the FB1 and, when requested, to Kissinger's National Security Council The NSA has also quietly encouraged il- legal break-ins by agents of other intelli- gence agencies of the foreign embassies in Washington to steal code books. Code- breaking is one of the NSA's chief functions. ? An obscure "private airline" with strong CIA ties, an outfit called Birdair (after its "owner," William H. Bird),-suddenly in Sep- tember 1974 became a major carrier of am- munition and food from Thailand to Cambo- dia aboard huge C-130 Air Force transports provided under a Pentagon contract. Birdair has a close relationship to the worldwide network of CIA-owned "airlines," the most notorious of which is Air America, Inc., op- erating in Indochina. When outraged Americans try to discover exactly what this vast Intelligence Commu-' nity is, what it does (and how and why), and whether it protects their security, rights, and liberties or threatens them, the official an- swer-and the answer usually accepted in the past by both a basically indifferent pub- lic and the blindly trusting and unquestion- ing congressional committees theoretically in charge of CIA "oversight"-is that U.S. Intelligence concerns itself with the collec- tion overseas of information vital to the na- tional security. This, of course, is only an. elegant phrase for espionage-and it is part of a tacit international "gentlemen's agree- ment" that everybody spies on everybody else: the CIA, the Soviet KGB, the British MI-6, the French SDT, the Israeli Ha-Mosad, the Cuban DGS, and so on. But more recently. U.S. Intelligence has admitted conducting-even if usually only when caught red-handed at it-a number of covert political and paramilitary operations el. Richard RatsimandA} ro d P dR 'Ali r i ~ at 2Yi' pa ti~n~21 i4~ ~~ 1a anctimoniously, the CIA ays justify themselves Approved For Release 2001/08/08 : CIA-RDP77-00432R000100360001-7 on the grounds that their destruction of. Vietcong sympathizers in South Vietnam. At foreign governments, or attempts at it, is in the same time, police experts provided by the best interests of the cause of democracy the Agency for International Development in the affected countries. This was the ex- (supposedly the humanitarian supplier of cuse for doing away with leftist regimes in economic development funds) were busy Iran in 1953, in Guatemala in 1954, in the supervising President Nguyen Van Thieu's Congo in 1960, and in Chile in 1973. It was ."tiger-cage prisons for political opponents also the excuse for the abortive Bay of Pigs (the cages themselves were designed and invasion of Cuba in 1961. And, among many built by the U.S. Navy in California under an others, the Congo's Patrice Lumumba, AID contract). In Greece. ba ey-.leaders of_ Chile's Salvador Allende Gossens, and the now ousted "colonels' junta.- a singu- Colonel Ratsimandrava of the Malagasy ;_ry bru'ai d:c_a-^rshio. were actually on -___ Republic were killed in the process of de- = C=y~yilylri Boli,via, Ct- agents" mocracy being subverted by the CIA. The r.?'3rr~vO :3C,' in :lushirR9-0u an i irg the agency had also considered assassinating nap!ess C^e Guevara and his ill-advised Cuba's Premier Fidel Castro and Haiti's rer~ocda cc,: panions. In snort; wher- President Francois Duvalier-and it may ever;:-era is'aa '.natty-dictat6 liip in power, well have had a hand in the 1961 murder of cu can de cef:ain of finding CIA represen- the Dominican Republic's dictator, Rafael :_:Ives in cad with the local executioners Trujillo. The CIA had no ideological prob- and priscr.-rnas,,ars, many of whom were )ems with Duvalier and Trujillo, but they :rained in tre United States by the CIA and .academies were apparently "getting out of control." In ''er4i PC[;-!:' connection with these murder plans, the CIA In the Uni:ed States all the crisscrossing !developed a cozy relationship with the 'ltelligence operations are supposedly Mafia. ccnduucted for the purpose of counterespio- foreign politicians of lesser renown-to say nothing of various American and foreign in- telligence agents and quite innocent peo- pie who just found themselves caught in the midst of some CIA operation-lost either their lives or their freedom in the last quar- er-century as a consequence of our govern- ment's meddling in the affairs of other na- tions. And nobody knows just how many for- eign politicians, military officials, labor and student leaders, and the like were bought, suborned. and corrupted by the CIA as it insouciantly went about weaving networks of secret agents. When earlier this year congressional committees began probing into the activi- ties of the Intelligence Community, Presi- dent Ford expressed private concern that if carried too far the investigations could un- earth political assassinations abroad autho- rized by his predecessors. Subsequently Ford said that he would personally look into : assassination charges, and he added that he "condemned" such operations. The un- written law is that the president of the United States must personally approve the order for the political murder of an important foreign figure by American agents. If an assassina- tion "contract" is given a CIA-employed for- eigner, however, the agency can act on its own. While these would be "selective" as- sassinations, the agency has been indirect- ly responsible for thousands of deaths in such foreign operations as the war waged by its' "Clandestine Army" in Laos, 'the Phoenix program in Vietnam (see below), the 1954 Guatemala Civil War, the Bay of Pigs, the secret air operations in the Congo in the 1960s, and supporting the Indonesian rebellion in 1965. Additionally, the CIA has trained right- wing Cambodian and Ugand-n guerrillas at secret bases in Greece and Tibetan guerril- las in the mountains of Colorado. The question the CIA and other members of the intelligence Community never an- swered was why, in the light of their demo- cratic protestations, they have always allied themselves with the most repressive and reactionary regimes in the world. In Viet- nam, for example, the CIA pioneered the infamous "Operation Phoenix," which was nothing less than a wholesale program fo- .. kilt; F u, a, lu u,a at at the inception of t assassinating over 20.0009k0~VUJaeFWRe99er,2 4./fi8/" :itCk9, WPGT7tQ R oa t was General Cushm Nobody knows exactly how many other rage-in o her words, to intercept foreign spies and -oiittcal operatives. (Oneshou!d.note in passing, however, the )double s ..dard implicit in this whole con- cept we consider it criminal for foreign agents to oceratz covertly in the U.S., and rightly so. b::t the CIA and its confreres think nothing of subverting the governments of oJercountries. Although there is no Ameri- can law against it, such subversion clearly violates international law. It is a form of ag- --a_sion prohibited by the UN Charter which the United States helped to draft.) fn, any e` =_nk. wnat u,e iiitelligence'Co~Ti- muniy has teen doing domestically-and continues to do-far exceeds counteres- pionage re c-s. And this is where the dan- cer of a colice state comes in: In the aid-:960s (no. Nixon wasn't the original ,:nett; al:r:c_gh he raised domestic snoop `.rg to tine !eveii of an art), the Intelligence n'ur.it ^c{ it upon itself to police any form of dissent against the Establishment. 'Everything-from the antiwar movement to civil rights campaigns-was suspect. The late J. Edgar Hoover assembled im- mense files on just about everybody in pub- lic life, from congressmen (fourteen of them) to actors and newspaper scribes. His FBI wiretapped such civil rights leaders as Dr. Martin Luther King. The paranoid notion be- hind it all was that American dissenters simply must be under sinister foreign influ- ences; why else would they object to Ameri- can policy? (But Attorney General Edward Levi also testified in February that the FBI had been repeatedly "misused" by past presidents for political purposes.) More recently, Army counterintelligence agents, who legally have no business spy- ing on civilians, built a computerized data bark, reportedly containing around 100,000 names, at their Fort Holabird, Maryland, headquarters. The Air Force's Office of Spe- cial Investigations (OSI), which theoreti- cally is responsible for the physical security of installations, launched a program to iden- tify and weed out Black Panthers from among the ranks of airmen. Internal OSI documents depicted perilous Blade Panther conspiracies in the Air Force. Then the CIA, whose charter clearly restricts it to intelli- gence operations abroad, entered the do- agents to penetrate peace groups and ra cal movements. Not to be left behind by tt, FBI and the Pentagon, the CIA put toget its own secret lists. which include at le the four congressmen. Because of its e mous manpower, financial, and technolo cal resources, the CIA proceeded secm to train domestic police forces--most n bly in Washington. New York, and Chi go-in complex intelligence crafts so th local cops could better anticipate, monitc and control antiwar demonstrations ether civil disturbances. The Washingt police department has officially admitt 1940s and that they were "intensified" 1969-the year Nixon took office. Inasm as the 1947 law that created the CIA spec this friendly effort was a flagrant violation the statute. Returning the favor, selec police departments began providing C agents with local police credentials to faci fate their undercover work at home. When the CIA's involvement in domes political espionage was publicly disclo late in 1974, the agency, in the midst of gathering scandal, rather incredibly to reasons to suspect that such radical grou _ as the Black Panthers were trained in Aig CIA kept insisting on this, even though presidential commission which includ agency representatives had concluded far back as 1968 that there were no ti between antiwar activists and other mi tants and foreign intelligence services. Another explanation offered the co gressmen was that, because of Hoover's rationality. the FBI dropped its counter pionage functions-and the CIA simply h to fill the vacuum. When. for example, to eign agents were known to be traveling the United States-their movements abro were tracked by the agency's counterint ligence staff--the CIA, according to this a gument. had no choice but to assign its o men to establish surveillance over th upon their arrival here. This may well be tru and quite reasonable in the CIA's eyes, b the agency violates the law for presumab valid reasons, there is simply no tel ling wh the next "one-time exception" is going to b The temptation to keep increasing domest operations is just too great. in fact, these temptations were clang ously increased when Nixon, one of t CIA's best friends from his vice-president days, assumed office in 1969 and realiz the extraordinary possibilities that the gro ing domestic intelligence apparatus offer him politically. Nixon was the chief Whi House executive officer in the planning the Bay of Pigs operation. He was one of t few people outside the Intelligence Co munity to receive what the CIA calls " shit" briefings-that is, the whole unva nished truth about covert operations-d ing his tenure as vice president. and one his first acts as president was to appoint h old friend. Marine Corps General Robert Cushman. Jr., as Deputy Director of Centr Intelligence and Deputy CIA Director. :his appointment. Nixon gained a priva